So say somehow somewhere we
ended up choosing a target to start wreaking havoc upon. All we need
is an IP Address. Theres plenty of papers out there that go into how
to obtain an IP Address from the preferred mark of your choice. So
I'm not going to go into that subject. Alright so say we got the
targets IP Address finally. What do we do with this IP Address. Well
first ping the IP Address to make sure that its alive. In otherwords
online. Now at the bottom of this document ill include some links
where you can obtain some key tools that may help on your journey
through the electronic jungle. So we need to find places to get
inside of the computer so we can start trying to find a way to "hack"
the box. Port Scanners are used to identify the open ports on a
machine thats running on a network, whether its a router, or a
desktop computer, they will all have ports. Protocols use these ports
to communicate with other services and resources on the network.
1)
Blues Port Scanner - This program will scan the IP address that you
chose and identify open ports that are on the target box.
Example
1: Idlescan using Zombie (192.150.13.111:80); Class:
Incremental Interesting ports on 208.225.90.120: (The 65522
ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed) Port State
Service 21/tcp open ftp 25/tcp open smtp 80/tcp open
http 111/tcp open sunrpc 135/tcp open loc-srv 443/tcp open
https 1027/tcp open IIS 1030/tcp open iad1 2306/tcp open
unknown 5631/tcp open pcanywheredata 7937/tcp open
unknown 7938/tcp open unknown 36890/tcp open unknown
In
example 1 now we see that there are a variety of ports open on this
box. Take note of all the ports that you see listed before you. Most
of them will be paired up with the type of protocol that uses that
port (IE. 80-HTTP 25-SMTP Etc Etc...) Simply take all that
information and paste it into notepad or the editor of your choice.
This is the beginning of your targets record. So now we know what
ports are open. These are all theoretical points of entry where we
could wiggle into the computer system. But we all know its not that
easy. Alright so we dont even know what type of software or what
operating system that this system is running.
2) NMAP - Port
Scanner - Has unique OS fingerprinting methods so when the program
sees a certain series of ports open it uses its best judgement to
guess what operating system its running. Generally correct with my
experiences.
So we have to figure out what type of software
this box is running if we are gonna start hacking the thing right?
Many of you have used TELNET for your MUDS and MOOS and weird
multiplayer text dungeons and many of you havent even heard of it
before period. TELNET is used to open a remote connection to an IP
Address through a Port. So what that means is we are accessing their
computer from across the internet, all we need is their IP Address
and a port number. With that record you are starting to compile, open
a TELNET connection to the IP Address and enter one of the OPEN ports
that you found on the target. So say we typed 'TELNET -o
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 25' This command will open up a connection through
port 25 to the IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. Now you may see some text at the
very top of the screen. You may think, well what the hell, how is
that little string of text going to help me. Well get that list you
are starting to write, and copy the banners into your compilation of
the information youve gathered on your target. Banners/Headers are
what you get when you TELNET to the open ports. Heres an example of a
banner from port 25.
Now
this is a very important part in the enumeration process. You notice
it says 'Sendmail 8.12.8/8.12.8' Well what do ya know, we now have
discovered a version number. This is where we can start identifying
the programs running on the machine. There are some instances in
which companies will try and falsify their headers/banners so hackers
are unable to find out what programs are truly installed. Now just
copy all the banners from all the open ports *Some Ports May Have No
Bannners* and organize them in the little record we have of the
target. Now we have all the open ports, and a list of the programs
running and their version numbers. This is some of the most sensitive
information you can come across in the networking world. Other points
of interest may be the DNS server, that contains lots of information
and if you are able to manipulate it than you can pretend to hotmail,
and steal a bunch of peoples email. Well now back to the task at
handu. Apart from actual company secrets and secret configurations of
the network hardware, you got some good juicy info.
http://www.securityfocus.com
is a very good resource for looking up software vulnerabilities. If
you cant find any vulnerabilities there, search on google. There are
many, many, many other sites that post vulnerabilities that their
groups find and their affiliates.
At SecurityFocus you can
search through vendor and whatnot to try and find your peice of
software, or you can use the search box. When i searched
SecurityFocus i found a paper on how Sendmail 8.12.8 had a buffer
overflow. There was proof of concept code where they wrote the
shellcode and everything, so if you ran the code with the right
syntax, a command prompt would just spawn. You should notice a (#) on
the line where your code is being typed. That pound symbol means that
the command prompt window thats currently open was opened as root.
The highest privilage on a UNIX/Linux Box. You have just successfully
hacked a box. Now that you have a command shell in front of you, you
can start doing whatever you want, delete everything if you want to
be a fucking jerk, however I dont recommend that. Maybe leave a text
file saying how you did it and that they should patch their
system.....whoever they are. And many times the best thing you can do
is just lay in the shadows, dont let anyone know what you did. More
often than not this is the path you are going to want to take to
avoid unwanted visits by the authorities.
There are many types
of exploits out there, some are Denial of Service exploits, where you
shut down a box, or render an application/process unusable. Called
denial of service simply because you are denying a service on
someones box to everyone trying to access it. Buffer Overflow
exploits are involved when a variable inside some code doesnt have
any input validation. Each letter you enter in for the string
variable will be 1 byte long. Now where the variables are located at
when they are in use by a program is called the buffer. Now what do
you think overflowing the buffer means. We overflow the buffer so we
can get to a totally different memory address. Then people write
whats called shellcode in hex. This shellcode is what returns that
command prompt when you run the exploit. That wasnt the best
description of a buffer overflow, however all you need to remember is
that garbage data fills up the data registers so then the buffer
overflows and allows for remote execution of almost every command
available. There are many, many other types of attacks that cannot
all be described here, like man-in-the-middle attacks where you spoof
who you are. Performed correctly, the victim will enter
http://www.bank.com
and his connection will be redirected to your site where you can make
a username and password box, make the site look legit. And your poor
mark will enter their credentials into your site, when they think its
really http://www.bank.com.
You need to have a small script set up so it will automatiically
display like an error or something once they try and log in with
their credentials. This makes it seem like the site is down and the
victim doenst give it a second thought and will simply try again
later. __________________________________________________
_______o_________
So as a summary of how to 0Wn a box when you
only have an IP Address Method Works On BOTH *Nix and
Windoze
****You can do the same with domain names (IE
google.com) than what you can with IP Addresses. Run a WHOIS Lookup
or something along those lines. Or check up on InterNIC you should be
able to resolve the domain name to an IP address.****
- Port
Scan The Address And Record Open Ports - Telnet To Open Ports To
Identify Software Running On Ports
3) netcat - Network swiss
army knife. Like TELNET only better and with a lot more
functionality. Both can be used when you are trying to fingerprint
software on open ports
- Record Banners And Take Note Of The
Application Running and The Version Number - Take A Gander Online
At SecurityFocus.com or Eeye.com. If you cant find any
vulnerabilities then search google. - Make a copy of some
Proof-Of-Concept code for the vulnerability.
*Read the
documentation if there is any, for the proof-of-concept code you will
be using for your exploit*
- Run The Exploit Against The
Victim. - Reap The Cheap-Sh0t
Ownage __________________________________________________
_______________ **This document does not go into covering your
tracks. If you dare try any of this stuff on a box you dont have
consent to hack on, They will simply look at the logs and see your IP
Address and then go straight to your ISP. Once you get more 1337 you
get to learn how to get away with the nasty deeds. This is what the
majority of kode-kiddies do when they perform attacks. The key is to
enumerate all the info you can from the machine, the more info you
have on the system the better. User accounts can also be enumerated.
Once you have a list of account names, you may then proceed to
brute-force or perform a cryptanalysis attack to gain control of the
account. Then you must work on privilage escalation. Users are not
Admins/Root**
